obÌåÓý

Note

Some of the documents below refer to a blood lead level of 5 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL) as the obÌåÓý's blood lead reference value. obÌåÓý uses a blood lead reference value of 3.5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) to identify children with blood lead levels that are higher than most children's levels. This level is based on the 97.5th percentile of the blood lead values among U.S. children ages 1-5 years from the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. Children with blood lead levels at or above the BLRV represent the top 2.5% of children with the highest blood lead levels.

Some of the documents on this page are presented for historical purposes and are not being maintained or updated.

Congressional reports

Data sharing and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

• This guide reviews HIPAA requirements and exceptions, focusing on those for public health agencies, and describes permissible uses of lead-related data under the HIPAA Privacy Rule.
• • regarding the confidentiality of childhood lead poisoning data.
• • regarding the confidentiality of childhood lead poisoning data.

Federal laws

• - This webpage lists the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's requirements and lists information for state officials, property owners, families, and contractors pertaining to the RRP rule.
• - This document summarizes EPA's new Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program rule.
• - This webpage is an online version of the Toxic Substances Control Act. See Subchapter IV for regulations on lead exposure reduction.
• - The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Lead Safe Housing Rule applies to all target housing that is federally owned and applies to target housing receiving federal assistance.
• - This law requires the disclosure of known information on lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards before the sale or lease of most housing built before 1978
• Title X Regulations (Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992)
  • . Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992
  • . Requirements for the Notification, Evaluation, and Reduction of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Federally Owned Residential Property and Housing Receiving Federal Assistance.
• - The complete act and section summaries of the CPSIA.
• - The CPSA provides that when the Consumer Product Safety Commission finds an unreasonable risk of injury associated with a consumer product, it can develop a standard to reduce or eliminate the risk.
• -The Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act of 2016 authorized HHS agencies to take actions to support recovery in Flint, Michigan and put infrastructure in place to assist lead poisoning prevention programs.

State laws

- The Lead Statutes Database provides lawmakers and others with an easily searchable tool for assessing state lead poisoning prevention policy trends.1

Lead-safe housing policy

- This 2007 report examines how the LIHTC program has addressed childhood lead poisoning associated with lead-based paint hazards in old housing that is undergoing rehabilitation. It describes additional measures that should be taken to ensure that program advances the goal of eliminating the disease by 2010 and does not inadvertently create lead-based paint hazards in the housing units it rehabilitates, therefore protecting the future viability of the program.

Policy statements

American Academy of Pediatrics

- Source: Pediatrics 138(1): e20161493 (2016)

Lead Policy Statements

Update of the Blood Lead Reference Value — United States, 2021 – obÌåÓý updated the blood lead reference value (BLRV) to 3.5 μg/dL in response to the Lead Exposure Prevention and Advisory Committee (LEPAC) recommendation made on May 14, 2021.

Note: obÌåÓý uses a blood lead reference value of 3.5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) to identify children with blood lead levels that are higher than most children's levels. This level is based on the on the 97.5th percentile of the blood lead values among U.S. of children ages 1-5 years from the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. Children with blood lead levels at or above the BLRV represent those at the top 2.5% with the highest blood lead levels.

The documents below refer to a blood-lead level of 10 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL) as the obÌåÓý level of concern for adverse health outcomes in children. This terminology is outdated, and readers are referred to the ACCLPP recommendations of 2012.

• (2005) – This is the fifth revision of the statement on Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This revision accompanies a , developed by the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention which reviews the scientific evidence for adverse effects in children at blood lead levels below 10 µg/dL.
• Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991)** – The fourth revision of the statement on Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children by the Centers for Disease Control.
• Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1985) ** – The second revision of the statement on Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• (1978) ** – The first revision of the statement on Increased Lead Absorption and Lead Poisoning in Young Children by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• (1975) ** – A statement on Lead Poisoning in Young Children by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

** These documents are being kept on this website for historical purposes and are no longer in print.

Tools

• – July 2021
  • A report summarizing key themes of Health in All Policies (HiAP) strategies to address lead poisoning prevention at the state level.
• – June 2021
  • Overview of sources of funding and revenue streams available to state childhood lead poisoning prevention programs and strategies for sustainability planning.
• – September 2019
  • Collection of case studies from three communities who used Health in All Policies to advance their lead poisoning prevention work.
• – March 2019
  • Factsheet outlines the 7 strategies of Health and all Polices featuring lead poisoning prevention examples at state and local levels.
• – December 2018.
  • Blueprint for reducing lead exposure and associated harms through collaboration among federal agencies with a range of stakeholders.2
• – August 2017
  • Assessment of the risks communities face and key federal, state, and local solutions.3
• – January 2009
  • The Federal Lead-Based Paint Enforcement Bench Book provides an overview of federal statutes, regulations, and enforcement programs. It covers the Lead Safe Housing Rule, and Section 7003 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The benchbook also explains how federal enforcement programs operate, and how to promote enforcement through referrals and partnerships4.
• – August 2008
  • The Guidebook for Developing State and Local Lead-Based Enforcement Bench Books is a how-to manual to help those who are not lawyers develop state and local lead-based paint enforcement benchbooks for their jurisdictions. Because of diverse state and local laws, no single benchbook would be accurate or relevant for every jurisdiction. Therefore, the guidebook provides background and resource information, advice, and specific "action items" for developing state and local benchbooks. The guidebook also explains how to find codes about housing, property maintenance, health, nuisance abatement, and other topics that may address lead-based paint hazards.4
• Lead-Safe Housing Policy Guidance Series – December 20045
• – February 20006

Other resources

• – Information about funding available through the EPA's Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (WIIN Act) Grant Programs7
• – Each state health department's policies related to interventions for children with lead in their blood, collected through August 2020.8